Investment limits of foreign govt. in Indian scrips

SEBI circular dated 10th April, 2018 on this subject. Gist of the circular follows:

1.  SEBI has been monitoring investment by foreign Governments and their related entities viz. foreign central banks, sovereign wealth funds and foreign Governmental agencies registered as foreign portfolio investors (hereinafter referred to as FPIs) in India. Since various stakeholders have been seeking guidance on clubbing of investment limits to be applied to foreign Government/ its related entities, the following clarifications are issued:  

a. What is the investment limit for foreign Government/ foreign Government related entities registered as Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPI)?

Reply:  The purchase of equity shares of each company by a single FPI or an investor group shall be below ten percent of the total paid up capital of the company. [Ref. Regulation 21(7) of FPI Regulations].

b. What is an investor group?

Reply:  In case, same set of beneficial owners are constituents of two or more FPIs and such investor(s) have a common beneficial ownership of more than 50% in those FPIs, all such FPIs will be treated as forming part of an investor group and the investment limits of all such entities shall be clubbed at the investment limit as applicable to a single foreign portfolio investor. [Ref. Regulation 23(3) of FPI Regulations and FAQ 58].

c. How to ascertain whether an FPI is forming part of any investor group?

Reply:  The designated depository participant engaged by an applicant seeking registration as FPI shall ascertain at the time of granting registration and whenever applicable, whether the applicant forms part of any investor group. [Ref. Regulation 32(2)(a) of FPI Regulations].

Further, at para 2.2 in the Form A of first schedule, the applicant seeking registration as FPI is required to furnish information regarding foreign investor group. Accordingly, it is the prime responsibility and obligation of the FPI to disclose the information with regard to investor group.

d. How is the beneficial ownership of foreign Government entities/ its related entities determined for the purpose of clubbing of investment limit?

Reply: The beneficial owner (BO) of foreign Government entities/ its related entities shall be determined in accordance with Rule 9 of Prevention of Money Laundering (Maintenance of Records) Rules, 2005 (hereinafter referred to as PMLA Rules).The said PMLA Rules provide for identification of BO on the basis of two methodologies namely (a) controlling ownership interest (also termed as ownership or entitlement) and (b) control in respect of entities having company or trust structure. In respect of partnership firms and unincorporated associations, ownership or entitlement is basis for identification of BO.

e. Whether two or more foreign Government related entities from the same jurisdiction will individually be permitted to acquire equity shares in an  Indian company up to the prescribed limit of 10%?

Reply:   In case the same set of beneficial owner(s) invest through multiple entities, such entities shall be treated as part of same investor group and the investment limits of all such entities shall be clubbed as applicable to a single FPI. [Ref. Regulation 23(3) of FPI Regulations].

Accordingly, the combined holding of all foreign Government/ its related entities from the same jurisdiction shall be below ten percent of the total paid up capital of the company.

However, in cases where Government of India enters into agreements or treaties with other sovereign Governments and where such agreements or treaties specifically recognize certain entities to be distinct and separate, SEBI may, during the validity of such agreements or treaties, recognize them as such, subject to conditions as may be specified by it. [Ref. Regulation 21(9) of FPI Regulations].

 f. How will the investment by a Foreign Government Agency be treated?
  
 Reply: Foreign Government Agency is an arm/ department/ body corporate of Government or is set up by a statute or is majority (i.e. 50% or more) owned by the Government of a foreign country and has been included under “Category I Foreign portfolio investors”. [Ref. Regulation 5(a) of FPI Regulations].

The investment by foreign Government agencies shall be clubbed with the investment by the foreign Government/ its related entities for the purpose of calculation of 10% limit for FPI investments in a single company, if they form part of an investor group.

g. Whether any investment by World bank group entity viz. IBRD, IDA, MIGA and IFC should be clubbed with the investment from a foreign Government having ownership in such World bank group entity?

Reply: Government of India, vide letter No. 10/06/2010-ECB dated January 06, 2016 has exempted World Bank Group viz.  IBRD, IDA, MIGA and IFC from clubbing of the investment limits for the purpose of application of 10% limit for FPI investments in a single company.

h. Where Provinces/States of some countries with federal structure have set up their separate investment funds with distinct beneficial ownership constituted with objectives suitable for their respective provinces, such funds not only have separate source of financing but also have no management, administrative or statutory commonality. Kindly inform whether investments by these foreign Government entities shall be clubbed?  

Reply:  The investment by foreign Government/ its related entities from provinces/ states of countries with federal structure shall not be clubbed if the said foreign entities have different BO identified in accordance with PMLA Rules.  

i. How will the foreign Government/ its related entities know the available limit for investment, to avoid breach of the limit?

Reply:  The custodian of securities reports the holdings of FPIs/ investor groups to depositories who monitor the investment limits. As such, NSDL is in ready possession of aggregate holdings of FPIs/ investor groups in any particular scrip. [Ref. Regulation 26(2)(d) of FPI Regulations].To this effect, SEBI, vide communication dated November 02, 2017 has already advised DDPs/ custodians of securities to approach NSDL to get information regarding aggregate percentage holdings of the group entities on whose behalf they are acting in any particular company before making investment decisions. SEBI has no objection to the said arrangement for sharing of data.

j. What if the investment by foreign Government/ its related entities cause breach of the permissible limit?

Reply:  The FPIs investing in breach of the prescribed limit shall divest their holdings within 5 trading days from the date of settlement of the trades causing the breach. Alternatively, the investment by such FPIs shall be considered as investment under Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) at the FPI’s option. However, the FPIs need to immediately inform of such option to SEBI & RBI, since they cannot hold equity investments in a particular company under FPI and FDI route, simultaneously.     2. This circular is issued in exercise of powers conferred under Section 11(1) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market. 
 

issue of share certificates

MCA has vide its notification dated 10th April, 2018 amended the Rule 5(3) of the Companies (Share Capital & Debentures) Rules, 2014. The said Rule pertains to issue of share certificates. Rule 5(3) pertains to the manner of issue of the share certificates.

The earlier Rule 5(3) mandated that the share certificates should be issued under the common seal of the company. Since the mandatory requirement of common seal was done away with, therefore the MCA has made the change in this sub-Rule as well. Now the Rule 5(3) reads as under:

⁶[(3) Every certificate shall specify the shares to which it relates and the amount paid-up thereon and shall be signed by two directors or by a director and the company secretary, wherever the company has appointed company secretary:

Provided that in case the company has a common seal it shall be affixed in the presence of persons required to sign the certificate.

Explanation. - For the purposes of this sub-rule, it is hereby clarified that,-  

(a) in case of an One Person Company, it shall be sufficient ifthe certificate is signed by a director and the company secretary or any other person authorised by the Board for the purpose. 

(b) a director shall be deemed to have signed the share certificate ifhis signature is printed thereon as facsimile signature by means of any machine, equipment or other mechanical means such as engraving in metal or lithography or digitally signed, but not by means of rubber stamp, provided that the director shall be personally responsible for permitting the affixation of his signature thus and the safe custody of any machine, equipment or other material used for the purpose.] 

The language used in the amended Rule 5(3) is much better than that in its erstwhile avatar. 

The Red Fox

The Red Fox by Anthony Hyde is his debut novel and set in the Cold war era. An ex girlfriend calls for help in locating her missing father and the search leads the protagonist to Canada, France and Soviet Union. Starts off well, but just when we thought we are coming to the end of the suspense, it meanders off to Soviet Union and further adventures. Anthony has managed to keep the suspense intact until the end, the very last paragraph.  Goodreads rating 2/5

Monitoring of Foreign investment limits in listed Indian companies

SEBI circular dated 5th April, 2018

1. Foreign Investment in India is regulated in terms of clause (b) of sub-section 3 of section 6 and section 47 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) read with Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of a Security by a Person resident Outside India) Regulations, 2017 issued vide Notification No. FEMA 20(R)/2017-RB dated November 7, 2017. FEMA prescribes the various foreign investment limits in listed Indian companies. These include the aggregate FPI limit, the aggregate NRI limit and the sectoral cap. The RBI Master Direction (FED Master Direction No. 11/2017-18) dated January 04, 2018 provides a compilation of the instructions issued on Foreign Investment in India and its related aspects under FEMA.    

2. As per FEMA, the onus of compliance with the various foreign investment limits rests on the Indian company. In order to facilitate the listed Indian companies to ensure compliance with the various foreign investment limits, SEBI in consultation with RBI has decided to put in place a new system for monitoring the foreign investment limits. The architecture of the new system has been explained in Annexure A. 

3. The depositories (NSDL and CDSL) shall put in place the necessary infrastructure and IT systems for operationalizing the monitoring mechanism described at Annexure A. The Stock Exchanges (BSE, NSE and MSEI) shall also put in place the necessary infrastructure and IT systems for disseminating information on the available investment headroom in respect of listed Indian companies. 

4. The depositories shall issue the necessary circulars and guidelines for collecting data on foreign investment from listed companies. The system for collecting this data from the companies shall go live on the date of the issuance of this circular. The companies shall provide the necessary data (details of which have been mentioned in Annexure A) to the depositories latest by April 30, 2018. 

5. The new system for monitoring foreign investment limits in listed Indian companies shall be made operational on May 01, 2018. The existing mechanism for monitoring the foreign investment limits shall be done away with once the new system is operationalized. RBI shall issue the necessary guidelines in this regard. 

This circular is issued in exercise of powers conferred under Section 11 (1) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. 

Prohibition in dealing in virtual currencies

RBI has vide its notification dated 6th April, 2018 clamped down on dealing in virtual currencies like bitcoins etc. Gist of the notification is given below:

Reserve Bank has repeatedly through its public notices on December 24, 2013, February 01, 2017 and December 05, 2017, cautioned users, holders and traders of virtual currencies, including Bitcoins, regarding various risks associated in dealing with such virtual currencies.

2. In view of the associated risks, it has been decided that, with immediate effect, entities regulated by the Reserve Bank shall not deal in VCs or provide services for facilitating any person or entity in dealing with or settling VCs. Such services include maintaining accounts, registering, trading, settling, clearing, giving loans against virtual tokens, accepting them as collateral, opening accounts of exchanges dealing with them and transfer / receipt of money in accounts relating to purchase/ sale of VCs.

3. Regulated entities which already provide such services shall exit the relationship within three months from the date of this circular.

4. These instructions are issued in exercise of powers conferred by section 35A read with section 36(1)(a) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949, section 35A read with section 36(1)(a) and section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, section 45JA and 45L of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and Section 10(2) read with Section 18 of Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.

Copy of the notification can be found here

GST on railway catering

PIB Press release dated 6th April, 2018

With a view to remove any doubt or uncertainty in the matter and bring uniformity in the rate of GST applicable to supply of food and drinks made available in trains, platforms or stations, it has been clarified with the approval of the competent authority that the GST rate on supply of food and drinks by the Indian Railways or Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd. or their licensees, whether in trains or at platforms (static units), will be 5% without input tax credit. The copy of letter F.No. 354/03/2018-TRU dated 31.03.2018 (Order No. 2/2018 – GST) issued to the Railway Board is available atwww.cbec.gov.in .

Investor Grievance Redressal System - SCORES

SEBI has issued a circular dated 26th March, 2018 on the new measures initiated under SCORES, the investor grievance redressal system under SEBI. The gist of the circular is given below:

1. This circular is being issued in continuation to SEBI circular no. CIR/OIAE/1/2014 dated 18th December, 2014 regarding redressal of investor grievances through SEBI Complaints Redress System (SCORES) platform.

2. SCORES is a web based centralized system to capture investor complaints against listed companies and registered intermediaries and is available 24x7. It was introduced on June 8, 2011 and has been facilitating redressal of investor grievances in a speedy manner.

3. SEBI encourages investors to lodge complaints through electronic mode in SCORES. However, complaints received from investors in physical form are also digitized by SEBI and uploaded in SCORES. Thereafter, follow-up actions of the complaint are done in electronic form only i.e. through SCORES. Investors can easily access, retrieve and preserve the complaints lodged by them in electronic mode. Further, it enhances the turnaround time and speed of redressal of a complaint.

4. Investors may contact the Investor Associations (IAs) recognized by SEBI for any assistance in filing complaints on SCORES. The lists of Investor Associations are available on SEBI website (www.sebi.gov.in). Investors may also seek assistance in filing complaints on SCORES from SEBIs toll free helpline number 1800 266 7575 or 1800 22 7575.

5. SEBI has received inputs from listed companies and intermediaries that investor grievances can be resolved faster if the grievance been taken up directly with the entity at the first instance. Accordingly, it appears to be prudent and time saving if the investors approach the concerned listed company or registered intermediary first with all the requisite details to redress the complaints. In case, the listed company or registered intermediary fails to redress the complaint to the investor’s satisfaction, the investor may file a complaint in SCORES.

6. At present following types of complaints are not dealt through SCORES:

i. Complaints against the companies which are unlisted/delisted, in dissemination board of Stock Exchanges,

ii. Complaints those are sub-judice i.e. relating to cases which are under consideration by court of law, quasi-judicial proceedings etc.

iii. Complaints falling under the purview of other regulatory bodies viz. RBI, IRDAI, PFRDA, CCI, etc., or under the purview of other ministries viz., MCA, etc.

iv. Complaints against a sick company or a company where a moratorium order is passed in winding up / insolvency proceedings.

v. Complaints against the companies where the name of company is struck off from RoC or a vanishing company as per list published by MCA.

vi. Suspended companies, companies under liquidation / BIFR / etc.

7. To enhance investor satisfaction on complaint redressal, SEBI has already put in place a ‘Complaint Review facility’ under SCORES wherein an investor if unsatisfied with the redressal may within 15 days from the date of closure of his complaint in SCORES opt for review of the complaint and the complaint shall be escalated

8. Effective from August 01, 2018, following procedure shall be followed for filing and redressal of investor grievances using SCORES:

a. Investors who wish to lodge a complaint on SCORES are requested to register themselves on www.scores.gov.in by clicking on “Register here”. While filing the registration form, details like Name of the investor, PAN, Contact details, Email id, Aadhaar card number(optional), CKYC ID(optional) etc. (Annexure A) may be provided for effective communication and speedy redressal of the grievances. Upon successful registration, a unique user id and a password shall be communicated to the investor through an acknowledgement email / SMS.

b. An investor shall use login credentials for lodging complaint on SCORES (“Login for registered user” section). Details on how to lodge a complaint on SCORES is at Annexure B.

c. The complainant may use SCORES to submit the grievance directly to companies / intermediaries and the complaint shall be forwarded to the entity for resolution. The entity is required to redress the grievance within 30 days, failing which the complaint shall be registered in SCORES

d. Presently, the limitation period for filing an arbitration reference with stock exchanges is three year. In line with the same and in order to enhance ease, speed & accuracy in redressal of investor grievance, the investor may lodge a complaint on SCORES within three years from the date of cause of complaint, where; 

Investor has approached the listed company or registered intermediary for redressal of the complaint and, The concerned listed company or registered intermediary rejected the complaint or,

The complainant does not receive any communication from the listed company or intermediary concerned or,

The complainant is not satisfied with the reply given to him or redressal action taken by the listed company or an intermediary.